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Hand #1:
From your description, it sounds like you’re actual jamming range is: TT+, A9s+,A9o+,KQ, QJs, JTs.
Against this exact range AJs has 50% equity. This is more than the 45% needed. Although marginal, this is a profitable call based just on chip EV.
What was the villain’s position? Depending on position, Nash push/fold chart says that from BB, you can jam with more hands (44+).
Hand #2
I prefer the small bet size. On an A high mostly unconnected board, you can bet small with your entire range. This should include your strongest hands.
Hand #3
Facing this overbet, this is an easy fold. Only if you think your opponent is a complete maniac would this be a call.
Hand #4
Nash charts say this is a marginally profitable call. However, a lot depends on if you think the short stack is jamming tighter or looser than the Nash ranges. I think this is close but I would fold.